Description: _______231- TIr55Bronze medal from the Paris Mint (cornucopia hallmark from 1880).Minted in 1976.Beautiful copy showing some traces of handling.With its original case.Engraver / Artist : Martinez .Dimension : 68mm.Weight : 242 g.Metal : bronze.Hallmark on the edge (mark on the edge) : cornucopia + bronze + 1968 + "FRANCE".Fast and careful shipping.The easel is not for sale.The stand is not for sale _Omar Bongo Ondimba, born Albert-Bernard Bongo on December 30, 1935 in Lewaï and died on June 8, 2009 in Barcelona, is a Gabonese statesman. He was President of the Gabonese Republic from December 2, 1967 until his death on June 8, 2009, after having been Vice-President under the mandate of Léon Mba. The following information comes mainly from: Jeune Afrique1, Le Monde2.Albert-Bernard Bongo was born in Lewaï, in the Haut-Ogooué province. He is the youngest of a farming family of twelve children, from the Teke ethnic groups of Congo-Brazzaville (at the time Congo and Gabon formed the same entity) and Obamba. His paternal family is called Ondimba and his maternal family is called Ebori. At the age of seven, he lost his father, then, at the age of twelve, his mother. He completed his primary and secondary studies in Congo.In 1952, he moved to Brazzaville where he became an employee of the PTT. At this time, he was initiated into Freemasonry, on the advice of a postal inspector. In 1955, he met Louise Mouyabi Moukala in Franceville; from this relationship Pascaline Bongo, his first daughter, was born in 1956.After his military service (from 1958 to 1960), which he concluded with the rank of lieutenant, he joined the air force, then the French secret services, while also integrating the PTT in Libreville. It was during his military service that he became the father of his second child, Ali Bongo[ref. necessary].By getting involved in the 1961 legislative elections, he was spotted by Jean-Hilaire Aubame, Minister of Foreign Affairs, who brought him into his cabinet. President Léon Mba then noticed him in turn, and entrusted him with the deputy management, then, in October 1962, the management of his office.In February 1964, Albert Bongo was arrested and interned at the Baraka camp in Libreville following a military coup aimed at placing Jean-Hilaire Aubame in power. Very quickly freed by the French forces who rushed to the aid of Léon Mba, he nevertheless remained deeply marked by this experience, to the point of never having the slightest confidence in his army throughout his four decades in power.In September 1965, he was appointed Minister Delegate to the Presidency, responsible for Defense and Foreign Affairs. When Léon Mba fell seriously ill, General de Gaulle and his eminence grise in charge of African affairs, Jacques Foccart, decided, with the support of the dying Gabonese president, to make Albert Bongo the heir to power. To this end, at the end of 1966, an amendment to the Constitution established the post of Vice-President of the Republic, responsible for taking over from the Head of State in the event of a power vacancy. The new Constitution provides that the President of the Republic and his Vice-President are elected together in the form of an electoral ticket. In Mars 1967, President Léon Mba was re-elected with the young Albert Bernard Bongo as vice-president. He became President of the Gabonese Republic on November 28, 1967, upon the death of Léon Mba.President of the RepublicIn 1968, he founded the Gabonese Democratic Party, the basis of the single-party system until 19901,2.The same year, he was baptized for the sole purpose of obtaining an audience with Pope Paul VI3. In 1973, he converted to Islam and became El Hadj Omar Bongo. For some, this conversion was only a way to be seen in a good light by the countries of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, mainly with a Muslim majority, Gabon being an oil producer1.In exchange for the support of the Elysée, which can intervene to remove him, Bongo agrees to make part of Gabon's wealth available to France, particularly its oil and uranium, strategic resources. On international political issues, Gabon aligns itself with Paris4.At the end of 1968, Omar Bongo, still under the influence of Jacques Foccart, was forced by France to recognize the pseudo-independence of Biafra (south-east of Nigeria). It is also from Gabon that Bob Denard's mercenaries are trying to destabilize the Marxist-Leninist regime of Benin5.His main opponent, Germain Mba, was assassinated in 1970 in Libreville by two French mercenaries. However, there is no evidence to incriminate the Gabonese president.In February 1973, Omar Bongo organized a first presidential election, which, as the only candidate, he won with 99.6% of the vote. The same year, the oil shock opened a decade of prosperity (the price of a barrel having exploded). He took advantage of this to implement a large-scale infrastructure policy: creation of roads, railways, ports, Air Gabon, power stations, but also a new presidential palace, the Palais des Conférences, and the Cité du 12 Mars . The international press speaks in this Frenchman, François Fillon.The website of the magazine Le Point announced his death on June 7, 200914, but the Gabonese government denied the information15 and summoned the French ambassador, Jean-Didier Roisin.On June 8, 2009, his death was confirmed by the Prime Minister, Jean Eyeghe Ndong16. The website visionafricaine.com, taken up by infosplusgabon.com, suggests that President Omar Bongo died on 7 May 2009; his death was only made public later for political and family reasons17.His national funeral took place on June 16, 2009, in the presence of President Nicolas Sarkozy, former President Jacques Chirac and around fifteen heads of state from French-speaking Africa (Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo-Brazzaville, Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali, Senegal and Chad). Many French personalities including the Minister of Foreign Affairs Bernard Kouchner, the Secretary of State for Cooperation Alain Joyandet, the former ministers Michel Roussin, Jean-Louis Debré and Jacques Godfrain bowed before the coffin18. Bruno Joubert, Robert Bourgi, Patrick Balkany, Loïk Le Floch-Prigent and the former Grand Master of the Grand Orient of France, Alain Bauer, are also present19.Omar Bongo was buried on June 18, 2009 in Franceville, capital of Haut-Ogooué, his native region.Relations with FranceInstalled by Jacques Foccart, Secretary General of the Élysée for African and Malagasy Affairs from 1960 to 1974, he became friends with many French leaders of all persuasions, and was received at the Élysée by General de Gaulle, Georges Pompidou, Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, François Mitterrand, Jacques Chirac20 and Nicolas Sarkozy. He used to receive the main French political leaders in his office and had a reputation for showing generosity without regard to political colour. It was, he believed, a way of preserving the future.21Omar Bongo's relations with Valéry Giscard d'Estaing were not very good21. During his presidency, the latter was thus offended by Omar Bongo for the secret financial support given to Jacques Chirac, his competitor at the time in the French presidential election of 1981, by the Gabonese president22. In a confidential document from Elf's secret services dated 197723, Omar Bongo "places all his hopes in Jacques Chirac and thinks that he must continue to be helped." However, he had previously supported Valéry Giscard d'Estaing by covering, in 1977, the aborted French attempt to overthrow Beninese leader Mathieu Kérékou1. However, the assassination of Robert Luong in Villeneuve-sur-Lot on October 27, 1979, while the Bongo couple were in France, led to a state affair during the Giscardian era: Luong had in fact worked as a house painter in Omar Bongo's presidential palace in Libreville and had become the lover of Bongo's wife, Marie-Joséphine Bongo. Expelled to Bongo's Mystère 20 on January 16, 1979, with orders not to seek to see the first lady of Gabon again, Robert Luong had continued to meet his mistress in Parisian palaces during the visit of the presidential couple, while they were monitored by the Directorate of Territorial Surveillance and by Horus, Bob Denard's surveillance company. As the legal proceedings were doomed to failure, the Association of Friends of Gabon paid financial compensation of one million francs to the widow Luong and Robert's sister in 198124.François Mitterrand also gave serious assurances to his Gabonese counterpart by dismissing, at the request of Omar Bongo, his Minister of Cooperation, Jean-Pierre Cot, guilty of working towards the end of "Françafrique" by trying to destabilize Jacques Foccart's networks2,21. Above all, François Mitterrand would safeguard Omar Bongo's power by parachuting French paratroopers into Libreville during the 1990 revolt1.Subsequently, Bongo's friendship with Jacques Chirac, palpable since the 1970s, did not wane from 1995 to 2007.Nicolas Sarkozy, for his part, met Omar Bongo during the 2007 presidential campaign in order to gather good advice from a man of experience, according to the master of Gabon. During this campaign, Omar Bongo also spoke with François Bayrou, as well as with Jean-Marie Le Pen.Barely elected, on May 7, 2007, Nicolas Sarkozy called him to thank him for "his good advice", then received him at the Élysée25, and ordered his entire government to come and greet the dean26 of the "friends of France". Two months later, the friendship between Nicolas Sarkozy and Omar Bongo27 was confirmed, since it was Libreville that the French president chose to end his first African tour, on July 27, 2007. The previous week, he obtained an agreement28 from the Paris Club which alleviates Gabonese debt by at least 15%. However, presidential and with whom he had two sons, Ahmed and Yusuf Ali Bongo (born around 1991 and 1993)56,57.On August 4, 1990, Omar Bongo married Edith Sassou Nguesso, the eldest daughter of Congolese President Denis Sassou Nguesso. From this union two children were born: Yacine Queenie Bongo Ondimba (1991) and Omar Denis Junior Bongo Ondimba (1994)58.He had two children with his mistress Marie-Madeleine Mborantsuo, whom he appointed head of the Constitutional Court59, one of whom is Fabrice Andjoua60.Other children include: Anicet and Christian Bongo (1967)61, son of Cécilia Ndjave-Ndjoy (née Otouma Dabany), the sister of his first wife Marie-Joséphine Kama52 Flore Bongo, one of the daughters of Omar Bongo and Antoinette Diop, sister of Mamadou Diop, who was Secretary General of the Presidency of the Gabonese Republic; the wealthy entrepreneur Edouard Valentin, the father of Ali Bongo's wife, Sylvia Valentin, is said to have remarried Flore Bongo (making him both Ali Bongo's father-in-law and brother-in-law)62 Hermine Diop Bongo, CEO of the airline Nouvelle Air Affaires Gabon60 Alex-Bernard Doliveira Bongo, Secretary General of Gabon Telecom60, Albert-Fabrice, Frédéric, Landry Mandji Bongo, Arthur (former pilot of the presidential plane)60, Alfred50 Audrey, Jeff, Grâce, Nadine and Betty are adopted children63 Annick Onkonkwo60 Agathe was born on January 6, 2009 to Annie Chrystele Limbourg52, deputy secretary general of the council of ministers for 16 years. He also had children with Gisèle Moubelet, sister of the minister Pacôme Moubelet Boubeya, and Denise Massard, sister of the minister Étienne Massard52.Over the course of more than forty years of uninterrupted power, Omar Bongo has placed his family at the heart of the State, which is omnipresent in the Gabonese government as well as in the administration, the economy and the media53.In his last will and testament, however, he chose to make the two eldest children, Pascaline and Ali, the sole universal legatees of his immense fortune.64 Omar Bongo's relations with Valéry Giscard d'Estaing were not very good21. During his presidency, the latter was thus offended by Omar Bongo for the secret financial support given to Jacques Chirac, his competitor at the time in the French presidential election of 1981, by the Gabonese president22. In a confidential document from Elf's secret services dated 197723, Omar Bongo "places all his hopes in Jacques Chirac and thinks that he must continue to be helped." However, he had previously supported Valéry Giscard d'Estaing by covering, in 1977, the aborted French attempt to overthrow Beninese leader Mathieu Kérékou1. However, the assassination of Robert Luong in Villeneuve-sur-Lot on October 27, 1979, while the Bongo couple were in France, led to a state affair during the Giscardian era: L
Price: 104.81 USD
Location: Strasbourg
End Time: 2025-01-11T16:01:11.000Z
Shipping Cost: 15.22 USD
Product Images
Item Specifics
Restocking Fee: No
Return shipping will be paid by: Seller
All returns accepted: Returns Accepted
Item must be returned within: 60 Days
Refund will be given as: Money Back
MPN: Does not apply
